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Porphyry deposits are low to mid-grade, large-tonnage mineral deposits.

Epithermal deposits are mineral deposits consisting of veins and replacement bodies, usually in volcanic or sedimentary rocks.

An adit is a type of entrance to an underground mine which is horizontal or nearly horizontal. Compare to a tunnel, which is a horizontal excavation which goes completely through a body of earth.

A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth's crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence, sampling and knowledge. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. Definition from Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC).

Indicated Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence, sampling and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes which may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability. Definition from Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC).

Inferred Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence, sampling and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes which may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability. Definition from Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC).

Measured Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and grade continuity. Definition from Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC).

Historical reserve is the measure of ore reserve that was previously calculated.

Mining companies do Resource Definition Drilling to define the tonnage and grade of deposits. Exploratory holes are drilled to take samples, and the data from the samples is used to create 3-dimensional models of the deposit.

Skarn is the name for the metamorphic rocks surrounding an igneous intrusive where it comes in contact with a limestone or dolostone formation. Skarns are often hosts for copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten ore deposits.

An Intrusive is a body of igneous rock formed by the consolidation of magma intruded into other rocks, in contrast to lavas, which are extruded upon the surface of the earth.

Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of molten material from far below the earth's surface. Metamorphic rocks have undergone a change in texture or composition as the result of the heat and/or pressure.

Limestone is a bedded, sedimentary deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate.

Dolostone is a sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite.

Magma is the molten material deep in the Earth from which rocks are formed.

A stockwork system is a system of veins making up a deposit.

Induced Polarisation (IP) is a method of ground geophysical surveying employing an electrical current to determine indications of mineralization.

K-feldspar is widespread and common in a wide variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks and in some sedimentary rocks. Its chemistry and atomic arrangement are variable, so visual properties vary as well.

Chalcopyrite is a sulphide mineral of copper and iron; the most important ore mineral of copper.

Bornite, or Copper Iron Sulfide, is an important copper ore mineral.

Pyrite is a yellow iron sulphide mineral, normally of little value. Also called "fool's gold".

Quartz is a common rock-forming mineral consisting of silicon and oxygen.